Core Specification Parameters

1. Electrical Characteristics

• Control Current Range: 2.0mA to 25mA, representing the input LED current required for stable switching operation.
• Minimum Control Current: 2.0mA, the threshold current to ensure reliable activation of the output switch.
• Output Voltage Range: 0V to 400V (DC/AC peak), the maximum voltage the relay can safely handle across the load.
• Maximum Load Current: 120mA at 40°C (with 5mA control current), indicating the continuous current-carrying capacity of the output channel.
• Peak Load Current: 350mA (maximum 10ms duration), supporting short-term overload conditions without damage.
• On-State Resistance: ≤35Ω at 25°C, the resistance of the output channel when the relay is switched on, minimizing power loss.
• Off-State Leakage Current: ≤1.0μA at 320V, the maximum leakage current when the relay is in the off state, ensuring minimal interference with circuit operation.
• Switching Time: ≤2.0ms (both turn-on and turn-off), the response time for the relay to switch the load circuit, enabling fast signal processing.
• Isolation Voltage: 4,000V(rms), the electrical isolation rating between input and output circuits, protecting sensitive control components from high-voltage hazards.
• Insulation Resistance: ≥10¹²Ω, providing high resistance between input and output to prevent leakage current and signal crosstalk.

2. Physical and Environmental Parameters

• Package Type: DIP8 (8-pin Dual In-line Package), a through-hole mounting package with a pin spacing of 0.3 inches (7.62mm), compatible with traditional PCB designs.
• Dimensions: Length 9.39mm × Width 6.47mm × Height 7.87mm, compact size for easy integration into various devices.
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C, adapting to harsh industrial and consumer electronic environments.
• Storage Temperature Range: -40°C to +100°C, ensuring structural and performance stability during transportation and storage.
• Moisture Sensitivity: Non-sensitive, requiring no special humidity control during handling or operation.
• Environmental Compliance: RoHS-compliant, featuring a lead-free design to meet global environmental standards.

Working Principle

1. When a control current (2.0mA to 25mA) is applied to the input GaAlAs LED, the LED emits light.
2. This light is transmitted through an optical isolation barrier to an array of photovoltaic cells on the output side.
3. The photovoltaic cells convert the light energy into electrical voltage, which drives the integrated HEXFET power MOSFET.
4. The MOSFET switches on, completing the load circuit (supporting up to 400V and 120mA) with zero mechanical contact bounce.

Core Features and Advantages

1. Solid-State Reliability

• No moving mechanical parts, eliminating wear and tear and extending the operational lifetime compared to electromechanical relays.
• Bounce-free switching eliminates contact arcing and electrical noise, ensuring stable signal transmission.
• High resistance to shock and vibration, making it suitable for rugged industrial environments and high-reliability applications.

2. Excellent Isolation Performance

• 4,000V(rms) input-output isolation protects control circuits from high-voltage loads, reducing the risk of electrical hazards.
• Insulation resistance of ≥10¹²Ω and low inter-electrode capacitance (1pF) minimize leakage current and signal crosstalk, ensuring signal integrity.
• Complies with galvanic isolation requirements, making it safe for use in medical devices, industrial automation, and other safety-critical applications.

3. Versatile Operation

• Supports linear AC/DC operation, responding proportionally to input current for analog signal switching applications.
• Wide operating temperature range (-40°C to +85°C) adapts to diverse environmental conditions, from industrial workshops to consumer electronics.
• Low power consumption (minimum control current of 2mA) makes it ideal for battery-powered devices and low-power systems.

Typical Application Scenarios

1. Industrial Control Systems

• I/O modules for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), providing isolated switching between control and power circuits.
• Machine safety interlocks and emergency stop circuits, ensuring operator safety and system reliability.
• Industrial automation equipment, such as motor controllers and process control systems, requiring high isolation and bounce-free switching.

2. Telecommunications and Networking

• Line cards and interface modules for telecommunication equipment, isolating signal paths and reducing interference.
• Ring injection relays in telephone systems, enabling reliable signal routing and isolation.
• Modem and DSL filter circuits, providing electrical isolation to improve signal quality and protect sensitive components.

3. Consumer Electronics

• Power supply control and protection circuits in TVs, computers, and home appliances.
• Audio equipment, eliminating ground loop noise through optical isolation for clearer sound quality.
• Control boards for home appliances (e.g., refrigerators, washing machines), ensuring safe and reliable switching.

4. Test and Measurement Equipment

• Isolated data acquisition systems, protecting measurement instruments from high-voltage signals.
• Instrument front panels and control interfaces, providing safe operation for operators and equipment.
• Medical monitoring equipment, ensuring galvanic isolation between patients and electronic circuits to meet safety standards.

Part Number Decoding

• PVT: Series identifier, specifying the product as a photovoltaic relay.
• 422: Model series number, representing a specific product variant within the PVT series.
• P: Package type code, indicating a DIP (Dual In-line Package) for the PVT422PBF.
• B: Lead finish code, denoting a lead-free finish.
• F: Compliance code, indicating the product is RoHS-compliant.

Usage Notes

1. Recommended Operating Conditions

• Control Current: 5mA to 10mA is recommended for optimal performance and extended product lifetime.
• Load Current Derating: Reduce the load current by 0.5% per °C above 40°C to prevent thermal damage to the MOSFET output.
• Reverse Voltage Protection: Limit the reverse voltage applied to the input LED to ≤6V to avoid LED damage.

2. Circuit Design Considerations

• Connect a current-limiting resistor in series with the input LED to protect against overcurrent, ensuring the control current stays within the specified range.
• For inductive loads (e.g., motors, solenoids), install flyback diodes across the output terminals to suppress voltage spikes during switching.
• Ensure adequate PCB layout for heat dissipation, especially when operating at high load currents or in high-temperature environments.